The article presents the construction and structuring phases of an action research project, which involves indigenous populations, approved by the Abdias Nascimento Academic Development Program. The proposal aims to foster national and international cooperation, aimed at emancipatory and intercultural education and the promotion of racial equality and inclusion, focusing on social vulnerability and valuing the sociocultural and linguistic specificities of indigenous populations. The intention is to analyze the relationship between traditional care practices in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle of indigenous women and (...) the behaviors adopted at different levels of health care; identify social determinants of indigenous maternal and infant mortality; validate simple and digital sociocultural educational technologies; and provide evidence for the formulation of inclusive and affirmative public policies that contribute to the reduction of indigenous maternal and child morbidity and mortality. Methodologically, it is an action research, of a collaborative nature, with characteristics of social technology that seeks to bring the researcher closer to the participants and the object of investigation, producing knowledge through the active participation of researchers in the investigation and intervention. Therefore, this essay shows the potential of this research project, which is to encourage discussion and development of actions that promote social inclusion and emancipatory education for indigenous peoples. (shrink)

O diálogo Teeteto sempre ocupou lugar de destaque, compreendido geralmente como pertencente à fase mais madura de Platão. Uma inquietação, quase nunca analisada a fundo, está na conversa entre Euclides de Mégara e seu companheiro Térpsion que abre o Teeteto, caracterizando-o como um escrito pertencente ao filósofo megárico, cuja tradição de ensino era denunciada por sua dialética erística. Por que então Euclides, autor do Teeteto? Nossa hipótese pretende, em vista da filosofia formulada pelo socrático de Mégara, demonstrar que Platão procurou (...) reproduzir em proveito próprio o método euclidiano, orientado por uma escrita que põe ao centro a questão da fixidez almejada pela epistéme como uma questão de discurso, apenas resolvida no âmbito das ações. As refutações das opiniões de Teeteto se tornam a demonstração negativa da impossibilidade de o lógos fixar aquilo que procede do acontecimento educativo da verdade, positivamente indicado pela arte da maiêutica e pelo modelo divino descrito na digressão. Sob essa perspectiva, o louvor à memória de Teeteto, que abre o texto platônico, aparecerá como uma homenagem a Sócrates, através da moldura do texto megárico que nos situa diante do valor inescapável do discurso dialógico como instrumento educativo. Palavras-chave: Escrita; Conhecimento; Ética; Educação; Euclides de Mégara. The megarian frame in Plato’s Theaetetus Abstract: The Theaetetus has always occupied a prominent place, generally understood as belonging to Plato's more mature period. A concern is found, almost never analyzed in depth, in the conversation between Euclid of Megara and his companion Terpsion that opens Theaetetus, characterizing it as a writing belonging to the Megarian philosopher, whose teaching was denounced as eristic dialectic. Why then Euclid, author of Theaetetus? Our hypothesis intends, in view of the elaborated philosophy by the Socratic of Megara, to demonstrate that Plato sought to reproduce the Euclidean method for his own benefit, guided by a writing that puts at the center the issue of fixity desired by the episteme as a matter of discourse, only surpassed within the scope of actions. The refutations of Theaetetus' opinions become the negative demonstration of the impossibility of logos to fix what proceeds from the educational event of truth, positively indicated by the art of maieutics and by the divine model described in the digression. From this perspective, the praise to Theaetetus' memory, which opens the Platonic text, will appear too as a homage to Socrates, through the framework of the Megarian text that situates us before the inescapable value of dialogic discourse as an educational instrument. Keywords: Writhing; Knowledge; Ethics; Education; Euclides of Megara. El cuadro megárico del Teeteto de Platón Resumen: El diálogo de Teeteto ha ocupado siempre un lugar destacado, generalmente entendido como perteneciente a la fase más madura de Platón. Una inquietud, casi nunca analizada en profundidad, se encuentra en la conversación entre Euclides de Megara y su compañero Terpsion que abre el Teeteto, caracterizándolo como un escrito perteneciente al filósofo megárico, cuya tradición docente fue denunciada por su dialéctica erística. ¿Por qué entonces Euclides, autor de Teeteto? Nuestra hipótesis pretende, a la luz de la filosofía formulada por el socrático de Mégara, demostrar que Platón buscó reproducir el método euclidiano en beneficio propio, guiado por una escritura que pone en el centro la cuestión de la fijeza deseada por la episteme, como una cuestión de discurso que sólo se resuelve en el ámbito de las acciones. Las refutaciones de las opiniones de Teeteto se convierten en la demostración negativa de la imposibilidad del logos de fijar lo que procede del acontecimiento educativo de la verdad, señalada positivamente por el arte de la mayéutica y por el modelo divino descrito en la digresión. Desde esta perspectiva, el elogio de la memoria de Teeteto, que abre el texto platónico, aparecerá como un homenaje a Sócrates, en el marco del texto megárico que nos sitúa ante el valor ineludible del discurso dialógico como instrumento educativo. Palabras clave: Escritura; Conocimiento; Principio moral; Educación; Euclides de Megara. Data de registro: 01/08/2023 Data de aceite: 31/07/2024. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma compreensão daseinsanalítica do ser-nomundo do adolescente Christopher, protagonista do romance O Estranho Caso do Cachorro Morto, explicitando as relações do personagem com as pessoas de seu mundo. Partindo do diagnóstico de Transtorno de Asperger, demonst..

The modern world was in part born as a reaction against Aristotelianism. However, the image of Aristotle to which modern philosophers reacted was partial, to say the least. Paradoxical though it may seem, today, more than twenty-three centuries on, we may now be in the most advantageous position for understanding the Stagirite's philosophy and applying it to contemporary problems. The present book contributes to the forming of an idea of Post-modern reason inspired by a constellation of Aristotelian concepts, such as (...) prudence (phronesis), practical truth (aletheia praktike), science in act (episteme en energeiai), metaphor (metaphora), similarity (homoiosis) and the imitation-creation pair (mimesis-poiesis). They all form an interconnected network and together they make up an idea of reason that may prove suitable for the present. These concepts offer the most promising basis for undertaking a series of urgent reconciliations: of facts and values, of means and ends, of theoretical and practical reason, of intelligence and emotion. Aristotle's notions could help solve many dualisms of modern times. He offers a third way between identity and difference in ontology and politics, between algorithm and anarchism in methodology, between naïve realism and plain relativism in epistemology, between equivocity and univocity in language, between Enlightenment and Romanticism in culture... On the way, this shift facilitates the relationships between science, arts and ethics - the three parts of the sphere of culture which Modernity had separated - as well as the integration of the sphere of culture itself with the world of life. (shrink)

Great progress to digitize the world’s available Biodiversity and Biogeography data have been made recently, but managing data from many different providers and research domains still remains a challenge. A review of the current landscape of metadata standards and ontologies in Biodiversity sciences suggests that existing standards, such as the Darwin Core terminology, are inadequate for describing Biodiversity data in a semantically meaningful and computationally useful way. As a contribution to fill this gap, we present an ontology-based system, called BiGe-Onto, (...) designed to manage data together from Biodiversity and Biogeography. As data sources, we use two internationally recognized repositories: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). BiGe-Onto system is composed of (i) BiGe-Onto Architecture (ii) a conceptual model called BiGe-Onto specified in OntoUML, (iii) an operational version of BiGe-Onto encoded in OWL 2, and (iv) an integrated dataset for its exploitation through a SPARQL endpoint. We will show use cases that allow researchers to answer questions that manage information from both domains. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The argument of inference to the best explanation sets up that, given a phenomenon to be explained, several rival hypotheses race to provide an explanation and the hypothesis that explains the phenomenon better than its rival gives good reasons for the belief in its truth and, therefore, for the acceptance of such hypothesis. The argument supposes that these rival hypotheses share the same phenomenon to be explained. In this paper it is argued that, in a few scientific episodes, scientists (...) with different hypotheses, even if sharing the phenomenon to be explained, have different goals regarding the handling of the phenomenon; but then an issue arises as to the structure of the argument, since setting different aims to handle a phenomenon would result in an axiological targeting by the scientists, one not enclosed in the structure of the argument. In addition, axiological targeting can also show itself as something crucial for the issue of accepting a hypothesis, a state of affair not foreseen in the argument of inference to the best explanation again. The purpose of this paper is, by means of “research programs” principle by Imre Lakatos, and by means of a case study – the acceptance of the DNA double helix model – to sustain the concept that the axiological difference may prove to be crucial for the acceptance of one hypothesis rather than other rival hypotheses. (shrink)

Leonardo Polo's trascendental Anthropology is based on the absolute distinction between the Man's act of being and the Universe's act of being; according to it, therefore, we can talk about a new aproach dealing with an Anthropological theory about learning able to solve the typical paradoxes about the relationship between free learning and human development, inherent in psychological theories, and at the same time able to show the ethical dimension always present in learning.

É corrente se afirmar que antes da Modernidade não há registro de mulheres na construção do pensamento erudito. Que, se tomarmos, po exemplo, a Filosofia e a Teologia, que foram as duas áreas do conhecimento que mais produziram intelectuais, durante a Idade Média, não encontraremos aí a presença de mulheres. Entretanto, apesar de todas as evidências, se vasculharmos a construção do Pensamento Ocidental, veremos que é possível identificar a presença de algumas mulheres já nos tempos remotos, na Antiguidade Clássica e (...) na Patrística (ou Alta Idade Média). Mas é na Escolástica (Baixa Idade Média) que encontramos as primeiras Pensadoras, responsáveis por um sistema autônomo, distinguindo-se como fecundas escritoras, donas de obras tão profundas e importantes quanto as produzidas pelos homens de seu tempo, com os quais muitas vezes dialogaram em pé de igualdade. Dentro desse maravilhoso universo feminino de intelectuais, destacamos, na Escolástica, a figura de Hildegarda de Bingen (1098-1165), da qual trataremos um pouco neste artigo. It is common to say that before modernity there is no record of women in the construction of classical thought. What if we take, for example, to philosophy and theology, which were the two areas of knowledge that produced more intellectuals during the Middle Ages, we find there the presence of women. However, despite all the evidence, if we search the construction of Western Thought, we see that it is possible to identify the presence of some women already in ancient times, in Classical Antiquity and Patristics (or Middle Ages). But it is in Scholastic (Middle Ages) we find the first thinkers, responsible for an autonomous system, especially as fertile writers, owners of works so profound and important as those produced by men of his time, who often conversed on an equal footing. In this wonderful universe of female intellectuals, highlight, in Scholastic, the figure of Idelgarda of Bingen (1098-1165), which is discussed a bit in this article. (shrink)

What is the fundamental insight behind truth-functionality ? When is a logic interpretable by way of a truth-functional semantics? To address such questions in a satisfactory way, a formal definition of truth-functionality from the point of view of abstract logics is clearly called for. As a matter of fact, such a definition has been available at least since the 70s, though to this day it still remains not very widely well-known. A clear distinction can be drawn between logics characterizable through: (...) (1) genuinely finite-valued truth-tabular semantics; (2) no finite-valued but only an infinite-valued truthtabular semantics; (3) no truth-tabular semantics at all. Any of those logics, however, can in principle be characterized through non-truth-functional valuation semantics, at least as soon as their associated consequence relations respect the usual tarskian postulates. So, paradoxical as that might seem at first, it turns out that truth-functional logics may be adequately characterized by non-truth-functional semantics . Now, what feature of a given logic would guarantee it to dwell in class (1) or in class (2), irrespective of its circumstantial semantic characterization? (shrink)

Scientific research in the formal sciences comes in multiple degrees of formality: fully formal work; rigorous proofs that practitioners know to be formalizable in principle; and informal work like rough proof sketches and considerations about the advantages and disadvantages of various formal systems. This informal work includes informal and semi-formal debates between formal scientists, e.g. about the acceptability of foundational principles and proposed axiomatizations. In this paper, we propose to use the methodology of structured argumentation theory to produce a formal (...) model of such informal and semi-formal debates in the formal sciences. For this purpose, we propose ASPIC-END, an adaptation of the structured argumentation framework ASPIC+ which can incorporate natural deduction style arguments and explanations. We illustrate the applicability of the framework to debates in the formal sciences by presenting a simple model of some arguments about proposed solutions to the Liar paradox, and by discussing a more extensive—but still preliminary—model of parts of the debate that mathematicians had about the Axiom of Choice in the early twentieth century. (shrink)

La razón emancipadora, posible allí donde se descubre la opresión, es un primer paso hacia una razón liberadora, posible cuando se des-oculta el eurocentrismo de la Razón excluyente, esa fabricación del proceso de modernización como devenir del Occidente privilegiado. La razón no desaparece, sino que se abre hasta dejar espacio a la existencia de diferentes tipos de saberes o racionalidades. Esta descentralización de la Razón excluyente, que corre desiderativamente paralela a una descentralización del sujeto, alumbra heterotopías plurales hacia una superación (...) de la ontología fundamental. El no-Ser se constituye así, consciente de su positividad, como alteridad insospechada que interpela directamente al Ser desde una exterioridad que no reclama sino un carácter de instancia decisiva en las transformaciones pendientes hacia una pluriversidad. Para ello es preciso pensar el mundo desde una ontología que no sea la mera reafirmación del Ser. (shrink)

A obra de Max Weber abarca um amplo arco de disciplinas, expedientes metodológicos e problemas, que sempre manifestaram força para se interpretar o Brasil. Contudo, para se entender o weberianismo que aqui se formou, não podemos cobrar, dos que o impulsionaram e o desdobraram em diversas direções, uma fidelidade ingênua ou puritana à matriz construída por Weber. Não queremos usar aqui a metáfora da antropofagia, já tão recoberta de significados emblemáticos. Mas a verdade é que o pensamento nacional, produzido fora (...) e dentro das universidades, sempre devorou o pensamento de Max Weber, sem – e esse é um extraordinário mérito – se preocupar como ele teria de ser digerido junto ao material ao qual ele tinha que ser imiscuído. Por isso, sempre será interminável e indecidível a discussão sobre se determinado pensamento expressa bem ou de modo inapropriado os propósitos de Max Weber. Por outro lado, do ponto de vista da compreensão da nossa singularidade, é irrecusável que, pelas necessidades de discutirmos assuntos e temas tipicamente nossos, o pensamento weberiano teve de ser reinventado no Brasil, tendo-lhe sido agregadas perspectivas e inovações originais que somente por nossas mãos e nossos olhos poderiam ter sido construídas. Os impactos e absorções da modernidade em território tão diversificado como o nosso, ou as aderências e recusas aos aspectos políticos, econômicos e culturais da globalização, também formam o quadro das preocupações recentes que retratam a apreensão do pensamento de Weber entre nós. Esse livro documenta, portanto, esse fato, a saber, de que a interpretação da obra de Weber já ganhou uma dimensão singular no Brasil, de tal forma que, por desregrados desdobramentos, já se tornou inseparável de muitos modos significativos de se interpretar a nossa realidade. (shrink)

One of the reasons colours, or better the conceptual organisation of the colour system, could be relevant to the philosophy of logic is that they necessitate some mutilation of truth tables by restricting truth functionality. This paper argues that the so-called ‘Colour Exclusion Problem’, the first great challenge for Wittgenstein’s Tractatus, is a legitimate philosophical motivation for a systematic mutilation of truth tables. It shows how one can express, through these mutilations, some intensional logical relations usually expressed by the Aristotelian (...) Square of Oppositions, as contrariety and subcontrariety. (shrink)

Obituario por la pérdida de un compañero.

El presente estudio se enfoca en la vida y el trabajo de Mercedes Cervelló, una educadora del siglo xix que dedicó gran parte de su carrera a la enseñanza en la provincia de Ñuble. También se analizan las estrategias y los enfoques de enseñanza que Cervelló utilizó en sus clases, así como su impacto en la comunidad local. El artículo presenta a Cervelló como una figura importante en la historia de la educación en Chile y destaca su compromiso con la (...) enseñanza de calidad y la promoción de la igualdad de oportunidades para todos los estudiantes. (shrink)

Motivated by Kalman residuated lattices, Nelson residuated lattices and Nelson paraconsistent residuated lattices, we provide a natural common generalization of them. Nelson conucleus algebras unify these examples and further extend them to the non-commutative setting. We study their structure, establish a representation theorem for them in terms of twist structures and conuclei that results in a categorical adjunction, and explore situations where the representation is actually an isomorphism. In the latter case, the adjunction is elevated to a categorical equivalence. By (...) applying this representation to the original motivating special cases we bring to the surface their underlying similarities. (shrink)

Unlike with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in clinical research, little has been said about the ethical principles that should regulate the use of RCTs in experimental development economics. One well-known principle in clinical research ethics is the principle of clinical equipoise. Some recent commentators suggest that an analogue of clinical equipoise should play a role in experimental development economics. In this article, I first highlight some difficulties with importing the concept to experimental development economics. I then argue that MacKay’s (2018, (...) 2020) notion of policy equipoise avoids these difficulties and has a role to play in experimental development economics. (shrink)

No contexto da indústria cultural, os mitos e narrativas mitológicas desempenham um papel crucial na construção da identidade visual de muitos artistas. Na trajetória de Rachel Reis, uma cantora e compositora baiana natural de Feira de Santana, é notável a integração dos símbolos e ícones relacionados aos itãs da orixá Iemanjá em sua identidade artística. No ensaio fotográfico produzido especificamente para a revista Glamour em fevereiro de 2024, a artista revela elementos visuais que ajudam a compreender a sua identidade e (...) conexão com a divindade marítima iorubá. Ao explorar o conceito de arkhé, conforme definido por Muniz Sodré (2005) como a base primordial que impulsiona a cultura e os rituais dos orixás, este trabalho busca investigar como a artista utiliza esses elementos, destacados especialmente nas fotos da revista Glamour, para construir sua identidade visual. Essa análise será embasada em uma abordagem semiótica, seguindo os princípios estabelecidos por Martine Joly. (shrink)

An overcomplete logic is a logic that ‘ceases to make the difference’: According to such a logic, all inferences hold independently of the nature of the statements involved. A negation-inconsistent logic is a logic having at least one model that satisfies both some statement and its negation. A negation-incomplete logic has at least one model according to which neither some statement nor its negation are satisfied. Paraconsistent logics are negation-inconsistent yet non-overcomplete; paracomplete logics are negation-incomplete yet non-overcomplete. A paranormal logic (...) is simply a logic that is both paraconsistent and paracomplete. -/- Despite being perfectly consistent and complete with respect to classical negation, nearly every normal modal logic, in its ordinary language and interpretation, admits to some latent paranormality: It is paracomplete with respect to a negation defined as an impossibility operator, and paraconsistent with respect to a negation defined as non-necessity. In fact, as it will be shown here, even in languages without a primitive classical negation, normal modal logics can often be alternatively characterized directly by way of their paranormal negations and related operators. So, instead of talking about ‘necessity’, ‘possibility’, and so on, modal logics could be seen just as devices tailored for the study of (modal) negation. This paper shows how and to what extent this alternative characterization of modal logics can be realized. (shrink)

Primitivos relatos cosmogónicos de diferentes culturas en que el agua desempeña un papel fundamental en la creación del mundo. Análisis de los valores fundamentales del agua que se manifiestan en dichos relatos. El culto al agua desde la antigüedad hasta el final de la Edad Media. Relación del agua con la magia.

Um dos problemas recorrentes na História da Filosofia Ocidental é o “problema dos futuros contingentes”, que tem seu início em Aristóteles, mas que atingiria vários pensadores até à Modernidade. Durante esse longo percurso, a problemática foi levantada de diversas formas, dentre essas, na Filosofia Medieval, de cunho cristã, em que o problema aparece de forma implícita nos debates acerca do suposto conflito entre a Providência divina e a liberdade humana. E dentre os pensadores medievais, destaca-se Santo Agostinho, o qual será (...) objeto de estudo do presente artigo. (shrink)